What are cannabinoids?
Types of Cannabinoids
Phytocannabinoids
These are naturally occurring cannabinoids that are produced by the cannabis plant. In addition to THC, other notable phytocannabinoids include cannabidiol (CBD), cannabigerol (CBG), and cannabinol (CBN). Each phytocannabinoid has its own unique properties and potential therapeutic effects. For example, CBD has gained significant attention for its potential anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties.
Endocannabinoids
These are cannabinoids that are produced naturally within the human body. The two most well-studied endocannabinoids are anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). They are synthesized on demand in response to various physiological stimuli and act as signaling molecules in the endocannabinoid system. Endocannabinoids bind to cannabinoid receptors located throughout the body, including CB1 receptors primarily found in the central nervous system and CB2 receptors primarily found in immune cells.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
These are cannabinoids that are artificially synthesized in a laboratory setting. They are designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabinoids and can be used for research purposes or as pharmaceutical drugs. Synthetic cannabinoids have been developed to target specific cannabinoid receptors or to have specific therapeutic effects. However, some synthetic cannabinoids have been associated with severe adverse effects and are classified as controlled substances.
Cannabis Compounds
Cannabinoids are a group of chemical compounds that are found in the cannabis plant. They interact with the endocannabinoid system in the human body, which is involved in various physiological processes such as pain sensation, mood regulation, appetite, and immune function.
Major Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids are the most well-known and studied compounds in cannabis. The two most abundant and well-researched cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is responsible for the psychoactive effects of cannabis, while CBD is non-psychoactive and has been associated with various potential therapeutic benefits. It’s important to note that there are over 100 other cannabinoids present in cannabis, each with its own potential effect.
Minor Cannabinoids
There are hundreds of compounds in cannabis, each having a unique role to play. Minor cannabinoids such as Cannabinol (CBN) and Cannabigerol (CBG) are gaining attention for their unique properties. CBN is often associated with sedative effects, making it potentially useful for sleep disorders, while CBG is studied for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. By understanding and leveraging the diverse cannabinoid profile, producers can cultivate strains that cater to specific wellness or recreational needs.
Terpenes
Terpenes contribute to the flavor, aroma & experience of cannabis. They interact with a user’s endocannabinoid systems to either enhance or mitigate the effects of cannabinoids, commonly referred to as the entourage effect. Growers know that rich terpene profiles in combination with cannabinoids can produce premium products and will strive to consistently grow crops that will meet their customers’ expectations.
Flavorants
Recent research has identified compounds called flavorants, a class of chemicals that includes esters, alcohols, sulphur aromatics, and other compounds, which are present in relatively small amounts compared to cannabinoids and terpenes but are significant contributors to the taste & aroma of cannabis. More research is needed to understand how these compounds affect not only the taste & aroma of cannabis, but also their potential therapeutic benefits, and how they affect the overall experience.
Therapeutic Benefits
Pain Management
Cannabinoids, particularly THC and CBD, have shown promise in managing various types of pain, including neuropathic pain, chronic pain, and cancer-related pain. They can modulate pain perception through their interaction with cannabinoid receptors and other pain pathways in the body.
Neurological Disorders
Cannabinoids have been studied for their potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. CBD, in particular, has shown promising results in reducing seizure frequency in certain forms of epilepsy.
Mental Health
Some cannabinoids, such as CBD, have been investigated for their potential anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. They may modulate serotonin receptors and other neurotransmitter systems involved in mood regulation. Additionally, cannabinoids have shown promise in reducing symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Conclusion
To summarize, cannabinoids are a diverse group of chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant that interact with the endocannabinoid system in the human body. They have shown potential therapeutic benefits in various areas such as pain management, neurological disorders, and mental health. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of different cannabinoids.
